One
of the greatest cravings of developed and developing countries is to achieve
good governance, which is a normative and administrative concept. The concept of
good governance gained prominence in the 90s after the end of the cold war. The
World Bank first adopted it as a condition for lending to developing countries
like Nigeria.
There
is no universally accepted definition of good governance, but several attempts
have been made to conceptualize it. Good governance is concerned with the
ability of government to create an atmosphere that promotes freedom of citizens
to participate in government activities, accountability, and transparency in
government and its decision-making process or processes, the application of the rule of law, and predictability of government actions (Udo, 2004). This
conceptualization portrays good governance as a multifaceted government
process.
United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP)(2011) described good governance as
referring to systems that are capable, responsive, inclusive, and transparent.
This means good governance is more about institutional efficiency than
individual capabilities. African Development Bank(AfDP)(2008) conceptualized
good governance as the manner in which power is being exercised in the
management of state affairs and relationships with other nations. This implies
that good governance is all about better management of state resources and
relationships with other states. It is a responsive government that is capable
of promoting inclusiveness, transparency, and accountability in governance for
the purpose of achieving holistic and sustainable development in a nation or
state.
Amongst the major triggers of good governance are the leaders that will coordinate state
affairs. There are various means through which leaders could emerge in a
society. This means depends largely on the political culture of the people to
which the leader pertains. The political culture of homogeneous societies
significantly differs from that of heterogeneous (pluralistic) ones.
The
political culture of heterogeneous societies is much more complex and
unpredictable and could generate conflicts amongst the citizenry if not
properly moderated by sound ethical, morals or laws.
Plateau
state is a miniature Nigeria, a pluralistic society. In the perception of
Lijphart (2008), ''A pluralistic society
is one that is sharply divided along religious, ideological, linguistic,
cultural, ethnic or racial lines into virtually separate sub - societies with
their own political parties, interest groups and media of communication. He
further stated that usually such societies are polarized by ethnic differences
and require careful power distribution and social engineering to avoid outright
failure.
Some
of the carefully crafted political power and resources distribution strategies,
aimed at achieving political stability in a pluralistic society like Nigeria is the revenue share formula, federal character, and zoning system which shall
be the focus of this discourse.
Zoning
or zoning system is described in Nic, Eloise Sa'eed (2019), as "A
political practice in Nigeria under which political parties agree to split
their presidential and vice-presidential candidates between the north and south
of the country and also to alternate the home area of the president between the
north and south of the country." It is a gentleman power-sharing,
shifting, or rotating agreement between power brokers in Nigeria.
The
history of the origin of zoning practice in Nigeria is traceable to the Second
Republic in 1979. This followed the return of democracy and the formation of
the National Party of Nigeria (NPN) which operated on the basis zoning
principle which was designed to ensure that no part of the country was
permanently excluded from power and that political parties were to maintain the national outlook at all times (Nic, Eloise, & Sa'eed, 2019).
In
the course of time, the zoning system was replicated at regional (state) levels, although the implementation was not uniform and faithfully followed by the
respective states.
Due
to its heterogeneity, Plateau State was one of the states where zoning was
embraced and is being sustained. There are three zones in the Plateau state, namely the northern, central, and Southern zones. In 1999 Plateau Central Zone
produced the governor in the person of Chief Joshua Chibi Dariye with a Deputy
Michael Botmang of blessed memory from the northern zone. After eight being in
power for eight (8) years, the Northern zone took over in 2007 via Da David
Jonah Jang with the deputy, Her Excellency (HE), Dame Pauline Tallen from the
Southern Zone, and later Ignatius Lonjang who eventually became Senator of the
Republic but died. The incumbent governor, Rt Hon. Dr. Simon Bako Lalong took
off from the Southern Zone with a deputy from the Central Zone in the person of
Prof. Sonny Gwanle Tyoden. This completed the first round with popular
understanding that the next governor will come from the Plateau Central zone,
thereby marking the beginning of a new round of zoning in the state.
It's
important to note that the Southern Zone had Chief Solomon Daushep Lar of
blessed memory in 1979 and Sir Fidelis Tapgun in the 90s and Late Joseph Dechi
Gomwalk from the present Plateau Central under the military regime. The JD's
regime cannot be factored into the analysis because there was no zoning in his
days. More so, his administration was military and unconstitutional.
The
task at hand is to examine the possible implications of the zoning system for
governance in Plateau State going forward. This is necessary for the view of
the current media hype on the issue. With the benefit of hindsight, the zoning
system has not satisfactorily resulted in automatic good governance or rapid
and sustainable development even in the zones the governors came from.
The
main thesis of this discourse is that come 2023, the best chance for Plateau
State is not in zoning opportunity, but to present our best to contest for the
governorship seat of the state. When the state gets it wrong at the leadership
recruitment level, every other effort made shall be of no valuable consequence!
At
best, zoning could help in stabilizing the political space, but it might not
guarantee the best leadership responsibilities. Give me just one example of a
state that got it right in governance purely because of zoning arrangement and
not the leadership capabilities of those saddled and I will be convinced!
After
the election, zoning will not mean any good, but the capacity of the man on the
saddle to deliver good governance to the people of the state and Nigeria.
Therefore, the citizens must be objectively thorough in the screening and
recruitment of those they want to govern them.
In
screening and recruiting, here are some basic lead questions simulated to guide
our choices:
1.
Does he or she has the requisite experience to lead and govern under complex
chaotic situations?
2.
Does he or she has the courage and emotional stability to stay focused to
confront our most daring security problems?
3.
Does he or she has a strategic plan to change the fortune of the state from
civil service to a business-oriented state?
4.
Does he or she has the capability to crack the potential of the state in the
area of tourism and entertainment, mining, and agriculture?
5.
Does he or she has the stamina to unite, inspire and propel Plateau citizens to
selflessly work for the greatest good of the greatest number? If the feedback you
got from all or most of these questions is in the affirmative, then there is
hope in the capacity of the contestant being examined.
Given
its human and natural resource endowment, Plateau state is calibrated as a
civil service state that has experienced ethno-religious and political conflict
which occurs intermittently and has lasted since the return of democracy in
1999.
When
we keep religious sentiments aside, denominational differences aside, tribal
sentiments or biases aside, and class sentiments aside, there is no limit to
the greatness we can achieve as a state.
We
have the capacity to collectively change the narrative and put the state on the
steady path of inclusive growth and sustainable development.
It
was Frantz (1963) who wrote, "Each generation must, out of relative
obscurity, discover its mission, fulfill it or betray it." As a people, we must consciously discover what we want and settle for it. The task of making
Plateau Work well is a collective responsibility that we cannot afford to betray!
Politics
is a decision-sensitive endeavour. Using it objectively could be an instrument
for a holistic liberation. Like cataracts, however, it could also make blind
and become the lead way to serfdom when played with counterproductive and
biased sentiments or considerations. It is in this light that Harbhajan
Turbanator, a Twitter handler on
November 9, 2017, tweeted: 'Cataract is the third biggest cause of blindness
after Religion and Politics which remained the first two.' If a state must get
it right, citizens must watch the brand of politics, they play and the religious
sentiments the whip.
Citizens
especially political actors cannot afford to fan flame, tribal and/or religious
biases for the purpose of achieving political power and influence and, at the
same time, serve as a rallying point for all. Credible leadership starts and
ends with being fair to all before, during, and after elections.
With
or without zoning, the greatest chance for Plateau prosperity is imbedded in
the extent to which the citizenry is objective in searching and saddling the
best possible man, whether he or she be from the sun, moon, or stars. I don't
care if he is from the southern hemisphere, North Pole, or the equator. What
matters is achieving good governance and development.
Good
politics, which could guarantee good governance is the prime focus here.
Political stability occasioned by the practice of a zoning system is one of the
most cherished gains of participatory democracy but certainly not all that
there is to gain in Politics. A stable political system that suffocates from
bad governance is an accident waiting to happen. God forbid!
Reference
Lijphart,
A. (2008). Thinking about democracy: Power sharing and majority rule in theory
and practice. New York: Routledge.
Frantz,
F. (1963). The wretched of the earth. New York: Grove Press.
Nic,
C., Eloise, B. & Sa'eed, H.(2019). A dictionary of African politics.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Harbhajan,
T. (2017). Cataracts. Twitter: @harbhajan_Singh.
Clerk
H. (2011). United nation development report: Sustainability and equity: A
better future for all. New York: UNDP.
Udo,
E. S. (ed)(2014). Defining good
governance: The conceptual competition is on. WZB Discussion Paper No. 2004 -
005.
AfDB
(2008). Governance, strategic direction and action plan: Gap 2008 -2012. AfDB.
(Modest
Thoughts with Ayuba Yilgak'ha, May 20, 2021, for SMS: 08116181263)
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